Literature for Bidens sandvicensis Wagner et al., 1990, 1999. Literature for Bidens sandvicensis subsp. confusa Wagner et al., 1990, 1999. Literature for Bidens sandvicensis subsp. sandvicensis Wagner et al., 1990, 1999.
Asteraceae -- The Sunflower Family	Bibliography
Bidens sandvicensis

General Information
Distribution
Habit	Erect, ± somewhat suffrutescent perennial herbs 0.5-1 m tall.
Leaves	Leaves pinnately compound or rarely bipinnately compound, usually 5-19 cm long including petiole, leaflets 3-7, ovate-lanceolate to nearly linear, usually 1.5-13 cm long, 0.4-3.5 cm wide, glabrous or glabrate, margins serrate.
Flowers	Heads 6-50 or more in diffuse compound cymes terminating main stem and lateral branches, 2-4(-5) cm in diameter including ray florets, peduncles 1-5 cm long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; outer involucral bracts (2.5-)3-4(-5) mm long, the inner ones distinct; ray florets (4)5-6 per head, sterile, rays yellow, 11-21(-27) mm long, 3-9 mm wide; disk florets 9-22 per head, perfect or female(and then plants gynodioecious), corollas yellow; pappus of 2 awns 0.5-1.5 mm long or absent.
Fruit	Achenes black, straight, wingless, (4-)6-13 mm long, (0.5-)0.75-1(-1.2) mm wide, setose on margins and sometimes on faces, not conspicuously long-tapered apically.
Chromosomes	[2n = 72*; subspp. sandvicensis and confusa.]