Literature for Bidens campylotheca subsp. pentamera Wagner et al., 1990, 1999. Literature for Bidens campylotheca subsp. waihoiensis Wagner et al., 1990, 1999. Literature for Bidens campylotheca Wagner et al., 1990, 1999. Literature for Bidens campylotheca subsp. campylotheca Wagner et al., 1990, 1999.
Asteraceae -- The Sunflower Family	Bibliography
Bidens campylotheca

General Information
Distribution
Habit	Erect, suffrutescent perennial herbs 0.7-4 m tall, with sprawling horizontal lateral branches.
Leaves	Leaves pinnately compound and bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid, or bipinnately compound, usually 7-29 cm long including petiole, leaflets or pinnae 3-9 or bipinnate, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, or divided into nearly linear segments, usually 3-16 cm long, 0.4-8 cm wide, glabrous to tomentose, serrate to pinnately lobed.
Flowers	Heads (3-)5-20 in diffuse panicles or compound cymes terminating lateral branches only, 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter including ray florets, peduncles widely divergent, (2-)3-19 cm long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; outer involucral bracts 4-10 mm long, the inner ones distinct; ray florets (5)6(-8) per head, sterile, rays yellow, 9-17 mm long, 4-6 mm wide; disk florets 25-45 per head, perfect, often divergent so that heads have a loose, globose appearance, corollas yellow; pappus of (1)2(3) awns 1-3 mm long or absent.
Fruit	Achenes brownish black, straight to curved, irregularly twisted, or coiled, wingless or with narrow undulate wings, 7-17 mm long, 1.2-2 mm wide, glabrous or setose on margins.