Onagraceae-The Evening Primrose Family
Introduction
In the site we present a full checklist of all taxa within each of the 18 recognized genera as well as diagnostic images for as many taxa as possible.
The new classification is based on a number of phylogenetic and revisionary publications and results of a recent project initiated at the Smithsonian Institution. A group of Onagraceae researchers worked together to gain a better understanding of the evolution of the family and to derive an appropriate classification. Using molecular, morphological, biochemical, and biogeographic tools, results have provided new insights into family relationships and monophyletic groups at the tribal and generic levels.
Four papers were published from this project. A more complete bibliography for the Onagraceae family is provided.
Katinas, L., J. Crisci, W.L. Wagner, & P.C. Hoch. 2004. Geographical diversification of tribes Epilobieae, Gongylocarpeae, and Onagreae (Onagraceae) in North America, based on parsimony analysis of endemicity and track compatibility analysis. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 159-185. (pdf)
Levin, R.A., W.L. Wagner, P.C. Hoch, M. Nepokroeff, J.C. Pires, E.A. Zimmer, & K.J. Sytsma. 2003. Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast rbcL and ndhL data. Amer. J. Bot. 90: 107-115. (pdf)
Levin, R.A., W.L. Wagner, P.C. Hoch, W.J. Hahn, A. Rodriguez, D.A. Baum, L. Katinas, E.A. Zimmer, & K.J. Sytsma. 2004. Paraphyly in Tribe Onagreae: Insights into phylogenetic relationships of Onagraceae based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence data. Syst. Bot. 29: 147-164. (pdf)
Wagner, W.L. 2004. Resolving a nomenclatural and taxonomic problem in Mexican Oenothera sect. Hartmannia (Tribe Onagreae, Onagraceae). Novon 14: 124-133. (pdf)
Smithsonian Mellon Fellows:
Jorge V. Crisci, Museo de La Plata
Peter C. Hoch, Missouri Botanical Garden
Liliana Katinas, Museo de La Plata
Rachel A. Levin, Smithsonian postdoc
Robert A. Raguso, University of South Carolina -Columbia
Kenneth J. Sytsma, University of Wisconsin -Madison
Smithsonian Scientists:
Warren L. Wagner, Curator of Pacific Botany
Elizabeth A. Zimmer, Curator, Laboratories of Analytical Biology
Junior Fellows:
Richard Clinebell, Missouri Botanical Garden
This web site was conceived by Warren L. Wagner and co-written with Peter C. Hoch. Site development was by Denise Mix with assistance from Jessica Braun and Jamie Whitacre in content management and database maintenance. Click here for information on how to reference this Web site.
Phylogeny
Despite intensive morphological and molecular studies of Onagraceae, relationships within the family have not been fully understood. One drawback of previous molecular analyses was limited sampling within the large tribe Onagreae. In addition, the monophyly of two species-rich genera in Onagreae, Camissonia and Oenothera, has never been adequately tested. To understand relationships within Onagraceae, test the monophyly of these two genera, and ascertain the affinities of the newly discovered genus Megacorax, parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses with rbcL and ndhF sequence data for 24 taxa representing all 17 Onagraceae genera and two outgroup Lythraceae were conducted [Levin et al. 2003 (pdf)]. Results strongly support a monophyletic Onagraceae, with Ludwigia as the basal lineage and a sister-taxon relationship between Megacorax and Lopezia. Gongylocarpus is supported as sister to Epilobieae plus the rest of Onagreae, although relationships within the latter clade have limited resolution. Thus, we advocate placement of Gongylocarpus in a monogeneric tribe, Gongylocarpeae. Most relationships within Onagreae are weakly resolved, suggesting a rapid diversification of this group in western North America. Neither Camissonia nor Oenothera appears to be monophyletic. Morphological characters generally agree with the molecular data, providing further support for relationships.
In a second study study [Levin et al. 2004 (pdf)], DNA sequence data from one nuclear region (ITS) and two chloroplast regions (trnL-trnF and rps16) were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among 93 taxa, with concentrated sampling in the large tribe Onagreae. Results strongly support tribe Gongylocarpeae as sister to tribes Epilobieae + Onagreae, both of which are monophyletic. Within Onagreae, Camissonia appears to be broadly paraphyletic, as does Oenothera. In Oenothera there appear to be two lineages, one of which has Calylophus and Gaura + Stenosiphon nested within it. At the base of the Onagraceae phylogeny, we have clarified previous confusion regarding conflicting placements of Hauya and Lopezia based on nuclear versus chloroplast data. Results of these analyses suggest the need for new taxonomic delimitations that will be presented in comprehensive revised classification of the family Onagraceae based on molecular sequence data and morphology by W. L. Wagner, P. C. Hoch and P. H. Raven.
Onagraceae Bibliography |
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Last updated 14 October 2020 |