Literature for Cyperus phleoides Wagner et al., 1990, 1999. Literature for Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Wagner et al., 1990, 1999. Literature for Cyperus phleoides var. phleoides Wagner et al., 1990, 1999.
Cyperaceae -- The Sedge Family	Bibliography
Cyperus phleoides

General Information
Distribution	In Hawaiian Islands, endemic to all of the main islands except Kaho`olawe.
Habit	Perennials with short, woody rhizomes; culms 10-90 cm tall, 2-5 mm in diameter near base, base thickly clothed with leaf sheaths 3-20 cm long.
Leaves	Leaves numerous, crowded, coriaceous, linear, shorter than or longer than the culm, 3-8 mm wide, margins recurved; sheaths tinged brown, pale brown, or reddish brown, eventually splitting into parallel fibers.
Flowers	Inflorescences simple or partially compound, umbelliform or contracted and head like, 1.5-4 cm long, 3-8 cm wide, rays 3-11, 0.3-6 cm long, spikes 5-12, ovoid or ellipsoid cylindrical, 1-2 cm long, 0.8-1 cm in diameter, simple, rarely developing a smaller lateral spike at base, densely bearing numerous spikelets, the bracteoles hispid scabrous on midnerve; involucral bracts 5-12, divergent to reflexed, 2-25 cm long, much longer than the inflorescence; spikelets bearing 2-3 glumes and 1-2 fertile flowers, erect to spreading, often curved upward, oblong lanceolate or linear lanceolate, moderately flattened, 3.5-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, apex acute; glumes herbaceous with rather broad hyaline margins, lanceolate to oblong lanceolate, 3-4.5 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide, strongly folded, 7 nerved or 9 nerved, the midnerve prominently to weakly spinulose scabrous or smooth.
Fruit	Achenes linear oblong, trigonous, 1.5-2.2 mm long, ca. 0.4 mm wide.
Contributor	Nancy Khan