Dicotyledon

Campanulaceae -- The Bellflower Family

Cyanea

General Information
	Distribution	Cyanea, with 80 species, is the largest genus of Hawaiian Campanulaceae, and among the largest genera of Hawaiian plants.
	Habit	Shrubs, treelets, or trees, rarely lianas, terrestrial or rarely epiphytic; stems unbranched or sparingly branched, erect or ascending, unarmed, muricate, or aculeate (more so in juveniles), with numerous helically arranged leaf scars near apex; pith solid or chambered; latex white, yellow, or tan, viscous.
	Leaves	Leaves alternate, petiolate or sessile, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes muricate or aculeate, especially on the petiole; margin entire, callose-toothed, or pinnately lobed, cleft, parted, or divided (more so in juveniles), the lobes or segments then entire, callose-toothed, lobed, or divided.
	Flowers	Inflorescences axillary, racemose, (3-)5-25(-40)-flowered, the rachis sometimes obsolete and the raceme thus appearing subumbellate. Flowers epigynous, resupinate, protandrous. Calyx synsepalous; tube adnate to the ovary, forming a hypanthium, obconic or obovoid, rarely ovoid, oblong, cylindrical, or depressed obovoid; lobes 5, valvate, persistent, dentiform, triangular, or oblong, rarely linear, distinct or rarely connate, much shorter to somewhat longer that the hypanthium, rarely as long as the corolla. Corolla zygomorphic, bilabiate or unilabiate, white or various shades of magenta, purple, or pink, rarely greenish or yellowish, sometimes longitudinally striped, glabrous or pubescent, rarely muricate; tube suberect, curved, arcuate, or sigmoid, dorsally cleft to about the middle; lobes 5, valvate, spreading, deflexed, or rarely erect. Stamens 5, syngenesious, included or exserted; filaments connate, free from the corolla or dorsally adnate for 1/3-1/2 its length; anthers connate, dithecal, opening introrsely by longitudinal slits, the 3 dorsal ones a little longer than the 2 ventral ones, the latter or rarely all 5 with apical tufts of white hairs; pollen tricolporate, prolate, ellipsoidal. Ovary 2-loculed; placentae large, axile; style slender, terete, with a ring of stiff white hairs near the apex; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out pollen, after which the stigmas spread and become receptive.
	Fruit	Fruit a yellow, orange, or purple berry.
	Seeds	Seeds numerous, small, dark brown to black, shiny, smooth or microscopically foveatereticulate.
	Chromosomes	n = 14
	Contributor	Nancy Khan